Author: Brauer, 1902
Cyclothone livida Brauer, 1902
Status in World Register of Marine Species:
Accepted name: Cyclothone livida Brauer, 1902 (updated 2009-06-25)
Diagnosis: body elongate; mouth large, premaxillary teeth even, none greatly enlarged; teeth on posterior half of upper jaw not strongly curved forwards but enlarging irregularly caudad, with long teeth separated by 2-4 small teeth (Fig. 7b); vomer with teeth. Pseudobranch absent; gillrakers on first arch 23-27, 45 (6) on hypobranchial, no raker in articulation of epi- and ceratobranchial; branchiostegal rays 13-14, (5) 6 on epihyal. Dorsal finrays 14-15 (16); pectoral finrays 9-11; pelvic finrays 6; anal finrays 17-19; last dorsal and anal finrays not split to base; dorsal adipose fin absent; anus closer to pelvic fin base than anal fin origin. Pyloric caeca 3-4. Vertebrae 30-32. Scales present. Photophores.:SO absent, ORB 1, OP 2, BR 9-10, IV 3 + 10; VAV 45, two anterior to genital opening; AC (14) 15, two between last anal and first procurrent ray; OA 8 (9); supra-caudal and infra-caudal glands about equal, restricted to procurrent rays; opercular gland well developed, extending dorsad to upper OP. Colour: uniformly blackish-brown. Size: male to 3 mm, female to 50 mm SL.
Habitat: pseudoceanic, deep meso- to bathypelagic; juveniles and adults at 300-1,250 m; no diel vertical migrations. Food: no data. Reproduction: dioecious.
Distribution: eastern tropical Atlantic, endemic to African seaboard but sampled in Clofnam area in small numbers to about 49° N; northern record 60° N, 20° W; absent in Mediterranean.
Eggs, larvae and young stages. Grey, 1964: 185.
Otoliths (sagitta). No data.