Literature
- Gibbs, R. H. Jr. 1964a. Family Astronesthidae in Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Mem. Sears Found. Mar. Res., New Haven, 1(4): 311-350, fig. 77-91.
- Maul, G. E. 1956b. Additions to previously revised orders or families of fishes of the Museu Municipal do Funchal (Stomiatidae, Astronesthidae, Paralepididae). Bolm Mus. munic. Funchal, 9 (24): pp. 75-96, fig. 6-18.
- Regan, C. T.; Trewavas, E. 1929a. The fishes of the families Astronesthidae and Chauliodontidae. Danish Dana Exped. 1920-1922, (5): 1-143, 24 fig., 7 pl.