Literature
- Govoni, J. J.; Olney, J. E.; Markle, D. F.; Curtsinger, Wm. 1984. Observations on structure and evaluation of possible functions of the vexillum in larval Carapidae (Ophidiiformes). Bull. Mar. Sci., 34 (1): 60-70.
- Trott, L. B. 1981. A general review of the pearlfishes (Pisces, Carapidae). Bull. Mar. Sci., 31: 623-629.