Literature
- Herre, A. W.; Montalban, H. R. 1928. The goatfishes or Mullidae of the Philippines. Philipp. J. Sci., 36(1): 95-137, 6 pl.
- Snyder, J. 0. 1907. A review of the Mullidae, surmullets or goatfishes of the shores of Japan. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus.3 32 (1513): pp. 87-102, 3 fig.